Disclaimer

Nothing on 401kVsRothIRA.com constitutes personalised investment advice, tax advice, fiduciary advice, or legal advice. We are not a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. sections 80b-1 through 80b-21), a tax preparer, a CPA, an attorney, an ERISA fiduciary as defined in 29 U.S.C. section 1002(21), or a financial planner. The site presents IRS-published figures, DOL-published regulations, and explanatory commentary, but every individual circumstance is different. Before making contributions, conversions, withdrawals, rollovers, or any other retirement-account decision, consult a qualified tax or financial professional who can review your specific situation.

401kVsRothIRA.com is operated by Digital Signet and is not affiliated with the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Employee Benefits Security Administration, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, or any brokerage, custodian, employer, plan sponsor, or financial institution. Where the site refers to IRS publications, IRS notices, DOL EBSA publications, ERISA statutes, CFR sections, or IRC sections, the references are provided for citation and convenience only.

Contribution limits, income phase-outs, vesting caps, and required-minimum-distribution ages change each year, and the IRS occasionally posts mid-year clarifications. The figures on this site are pulled from IRS Publication 575 (Pension and Annuity Income), IRS Publication 590-A (IRA Contributions), IRS Publication 590-B (IRA Distributions), IRS Publication 560 (Retirement Plans for Small Business), IRS Notice 2025-67 (2026 COLA notice), and the relevant sections of the Internal Revenue Code and ERISA. Verification dates are stamped on every page and on the methodology page. Before acting, confirm the figure against the primary IRS or DOL document.

The calculator on this site projects future after-tax retirement values based on the inputs you provide. It assumes deterministic returns, constant tax rates within each phase you select, and the IRS rules in effect for the most recently published tax year. Real-world investment returns are variable; tax law is subject to change; and individual circumstances (state taxes, IRMAA Medicare surcharges, Social Security taxation interactions, plan administration fees disclosed under 29 CFR 2550.404a-5, sequence-of-returns risk) materially affect the result. Calculator outputs are estimates, not forecasts.

References on this site to ERISA section 404 fiduciary duty (29 U.S.C. section 1104), ERISA section 203 vesting standards (29 U.S.C. section 1053), ERISA section 406 prohibited transactions (29 U.S.C. section 1106), 29 CFR 2550.404a-5 participant fee disclosure, 29 CFR 2550.408b-2 service-provider disclosure, and 29 CFR 2550.404c-5 QDIA safe harbor describe the federal regulatory framework. Your individual plan's vesting schedule, default investment, fee structure, and named fiduciaries are disclosed in your Summary Plan Description (ERISA section 102; 29 U.S.C. section 1022) and annual fee disclosures. For specific plan disputes contact your plan administrator or the DOL EBSA at askebsa.dol.gov.

Some pages on this site may contain affiliate links to brokerages, robo-advisors, or tax-software providers. If you open an account or buy a product through one of these links, we may receive a referral fee at no additional cost to you. Affiliate relationships do not affect the IRS-sourced figures, the DOL-sourced regulations, the citations, or the recommendations presented on the site. We do not accept payment to alter our presentation of IRS or DOL data. Affiliate links are disclosed per FTC 16 CFR section 255.

The information on 401kVsRothIRA.com is provided as-is, without warranty of any kind. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Digital Signet and the site's authors are not liable for any decision made on the basis of information presented here, including but not limited to lost investment returns, tax penalties, missed RMDs, plan-level enforcement actions, or other financial harm.

If you find a citation error, an outdated figure, or a regulatory change we should reflect, please email [email protected]. We act on citation corrections within a week and publish a verification trail on the methodology page.